Entry Topical Term

Number of records used in: 9

001 - CONTROL NUMBER

• control field: 108843

003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER

• control field: DLC

005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION

• control field: 20200604174918.0

008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS

• fixed length control field: 001106i| anannbabn |a ana

010 ## - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONTROL NUMBER

• LC control number: sh 85001962

040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE

• Original cataloging agency: DLC
• Transcribing agency: DLC
• Modifying agency: DLC

150 ## - HEADING--TOPICAL TERM

• Topical term or geographic name entry element: African Americans
• General subdivision: Legal status, laws, etc.

450 ## - SEE FROM TRACING--TOPICAL TERM

• Topical term or geographic name entry element: Jim Crow laws

670 ## - SOURCE DATA FOUND

• Source citation: Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries, Social Welfare History Project website, accessed August 2, 2019:
• Information found: Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation ("Jim Crow Laws were statutes and ordinances established between 1874 and 1975 to separate the white and black races in the American South.")
• Uniform Resource Identifier: https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/

670 ## - SOURCE DATA FOUND

• Source citation: U.S. Department of Labor website, accessed August 2, 2019:
• Information found: (The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the nation's benchmark civil rights legislation, and it continues to resonate in America. Passage of the Act ended the application of "Jim Crow" laws, which had been upheld by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson, in which the Court held that racial segregation purported to be "separate but equal" was constitutional.)
• Uniform Resource Identifier: https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/civil-rights-center/statutes/civil-rights-act-of-1964

670 ## - SOURCE DATA FOUND

• Source citation: History channel website, accessed July 30, 2019:
• Information found: end of Jim Crow laws (In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act, which legally ended discrimination and segregation that had been institutionalized by Jim Crow laws. And in 1965, the Voting Rights Act ended efforts to keep minorities from voting. The Fair Housing Act of 1968, which ended discrimination in renting and selling homes, followed.")
• Uniform Resource Identifier: https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/jim-crow-laws

670 ## - SOURCE DATA FOUND

• Source citation: Encyclopedia Britannica website, "Jim Crow laws", accessed July 30, 2019:
• Information found: (Jim Crow law, in U.S. history, any of the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement")
• Uniform Resource Identifier: https://www.britannica.com/event/Jim-Crow-law

670 ## - SOURCE DATA FOUND

• Source citation: Long Road to Justice September 2007 Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Education Fund www.reclaimcivilrights.org The Civil Rights Division at 50, accessed August 2, 2019:
• Information found: p. 7 ("Jim Crow laws passed by states after the Civil War took the vote from African Americans and imposed de jure segregation that stripped them of most of their citizenship rights.")

670 ## - SOURCE DATA FOUND

• Source citation: The new encyclopedia of Southern culture : volume 4, 2013:
• Information found: page 238 ("These Jim Crow segregation laws were, according to historian C. Vann Woodward, "the public symbols and constant reminders" of the American American's inferior position in the South.") p. 237 ("'Jim Crow law' first appeared in the Dictionary of American English in 1904, but laws requiring racial segregation had appeared briefly in the South during Reconstruction.") p. 238 ("Jim Crow Segregation laws)

670 ## - SOURCE DATA FOUND

• Source citation: University of Southern California, Law School website, accessed 28, 2018:
• Information found: ("Jim Crow" has long been a derogatory slang term for a black man, making it a fitting name for the laws that were in force in the South and some border states from 1877 through the mid-1960s. These laws were in place to maintain racial segregation after the Civil War ended. Initially, Jim Crow laws required the separation of white people and people of color on all forms of public transportation and in schools. Eventually, the segregation expanded to include interaction and comingling in schools, cemeteries, parks, theaters, and restaurants.)
• Uniform Resource Identifier: https://onlinellm.usc.edu/a-brief-history-of-jim-crow-laws/

681 ## - SUBJECT EXAMPLE TRACING NOTE

• Explanatory text: Example under reference from
• Subject heading or subdivision term: Discrimination against African Americans, [Mexican Americans, etc.]