Aptheker, Herbert, 1915-2003 (Personal Name)

The Negro in the Civil war, c1938.

New York Times, March 20, 2003 (Herbert Aptheker; prolific Marxist historian, edited corresp. of W.E.B. DuBois; b. July 31, 1915 in Brooklyn; d. Monday [Mar. 17] in Mountain View, Calif.)

Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century, accessed November 17, 2014, via Oxford African American Studies Center database: (Aptheker, Herbert; historian, political activist, communist, soldier; born 31 July 1915 in Brooklyn, New York, United States; MA and PhD in history from Columbia University (1930s); joined the Communist Party (1939) and remained its chief American theoretical defender until he resigned his membership (1991); wrote and edited several Marxist publications and worked as the executive director of the American Institute for Marxist Studies; served in the U.S. Army during World War II but was dishonorably discharged (1950) for his radical writings; led a controversial delegation to Hanoi (1965); met W. E. B. Du Bois (1940s) and became the de facto custodian of the Du Bois papers, which ultimately were given to the University of Massachusetts (Amherst) Library; assisted in editing and publication of the Martin Luther King papers at Stanford University; died 17 March 2003 in Mountain View, California, United States)